振動輸送機翻板容易損壞，在運動分析的基礎上指出疲勞失效是造成翻板損壞的主要原因，對翻板設計中應注意的幾個問題進行有益探索。
振動輸送機具有結構簡單、運行可靠、效率高、噪聲低、維修方便、壽命長等優點，在輕工、醫藥、電子等行業獲得廣泛應用。占財政收入10％的煙草制造業大量使用槽式振動輸送機(簡稱振槽)來輸送物料、篩選雜物、松散物料、穩定流量。通過在振槽底部開口并加氣動裝翻板裝置，振槽還用于完成工藝流程切換或不合格品的剔除。
      由于工藝流量由5000kg/h調整到8000kg/h，振槽底部0.3×0.54m的開口不能順暢落料，維修工將開口擴為0.425×0.54m并更換了新翻板，試車運行基本正常，煙絲落料順利，振槽運行時雖有輕微聲響但未引起足夠重視。設備維修后投入運行不到10天，振槽翻板的輕微聲響變為強烈的噠噠聲，開口處煙沫泄漏量增多，停車檢查，發現翻板兩側產生了兩條0.06—0.07m長的裂縫，若非及時發現可能造成嚴重停產事故。

 1.問題分析

 振(zhen)槽(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)結構為COMAS搖(yao)桿(gan)式，搖(yao)桿(gan)互相平行，搖(yao)桿(gan)繞焊(han)接(jie)于機(ji)架上的(de)軸(zhou)擺動(dong)，搖(yao)桿(gan)上部(bu)(bu)鉸接(jie)振(zhen)槽(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)槽(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)體(ti)(ti)，下部(bu)(bu)懸平衡(heng)配重(zhong)。振(zhen)槽(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)采用(yong)電(dian)機(ji)驅(qu)動(dong)的(de)曲柄連(lian)桿(gan)機(ji)構激振(zhen)。翻(fan)(fan)(fan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)與槽(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)體(ti)(ti)通過合頁連(lian)接(jie)，使(shi)得翻(fan)(fan)(fan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)能夠(gou)開(kai)啟和關閉(bi)槽(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)體(ti)(ti)上的(de)落(luo)料(liao)洞口(kou)，合頁兩面(mian)(mian)則(ze)鉚接(jie)固定于翻(fan)(fan)(fan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)或槽(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)體(ti)(ti)落(luo)料(liao)洞口(kou)邊緣；翻(fan)(fan)(fan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)啟閉(bi)則(ze)由電(dian)磁(ci)閥自動(dong)或手動(dong)切換(huan)，通過控制氣缸(gang)桿(gan)的(de)收縮(suo)與伸展實現。為增加(jia)翻(fan)(fan)(fan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)剛性(xing)(xing)(xing)、分散受力，翻(fan)(fan)(fan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)背面(mian)(mian)與氣缸(gang)桿(gan)鉸接(jie)處(chu)加(jia)焊(han)了(le)截面(mian)(mian)30×30mm的(de)方鋼做加(jia)強筋，氣缸(gang)鉸座用(yong)螺栓固定在槽(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)體(ti)(ti)底部(bu)(bu)，翻(fan)(fan)(fan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)與氣缸(gang)隨(sui)槽(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)體(ti)(ti)運動(dong)。槽(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)體(ti)(ti)向前(左)加(jia)速時(shi)(shi)，關閉(bi)的(de)翻(fan)(fan)(fan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)由于慣(guan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)有(you)繞合頁順時(shi)(shi)針(zhen)(向下)旋轉(zhuan)打開(kai)的(de)趨勢，若氣缸(gang)桿(gan)的(de)推力不足，翻(fan)(fan)(fan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)跟槽(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)體(ti)(ti)此時(shi)(shi)不能同步，翻(fan)(fan)(fan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)相對槽(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)體(ti)(ti)轉(zhuan)動(dong)并使(shi)落(luo)料(liao)洞口(kou)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)縫隙，從(cong)而出(chu)現翻(fan)(fan)(fan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)關閉(bi)不嚴、造成泄露；槽(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)體(ti)(ti)加(jia)速向后(右)時(shi)(shi)，由于翻(fan)(fan)(fan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)和槽(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)體(ti)(ti)碰(peng)撞產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)振(zhen)動(dong)和發出(chu)噪聲。振(zhen)槽(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)運行過程，翻(fan)(fan)(fan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)和槽(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)體(ti)(ti)反復脫離、碰(peng)撞、變(bian)形，周期性(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)交(jiao)變(bian)應力使(shi)翻(fan)(fan)(fan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)薄(bo)弱(ruo)處(chu)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)疲(pi)勞裂縫，短時(shi)(shi)間內出(chu)現了(le)疲(pi)勞失效、損壞。
     2.改進方法
     要解決氣缸推力不足導致的(de)(de)翻(fan)板(ban)疲勞(lao)損(sun)(sun)壞，可采取提高(gao)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)壓(ya)(ya)力、加(jia)(jia)(jia)大缸徑、改變(bian)(bian)推桿方向(xiang)增加(jia)(jia)(jia)力臂(bei)等(deng)措施。提高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)空系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)壓(ya)(ya)力、加(jia)(jia)(jia)大缸徑存在(zai)(zai)費用高(gao)、不經濟的(de)(de)缺點，而改變(bian)(bian)推桿方向(xiang)則簡便易行。設計時(shi)不僅考慮翻(fan)板(ban)質(zhi)量(liang)，氣缸、推桿等(deng)附件(jian)和物料質(zhi)量(liang)也必須計算在(zai)(zai)內。維修(xiu)時(shi)翻(fan)板(ban)增加(jia)(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)質(zhi)量(liang)不大，只需改變(bian)(bian)推桿和翻(fan)板(ban)夾(jia)角使(shi)其(qi)對翻(fan)板(ban)的(de)(de)轉(zhuan)動力矩(ju)足以(yi)克服翻(fan)板(ban)及其(qi)新增的(de)(de)慣性(xing)力矩(ju)，就(jiu)會(hui)避(bi)免翻(fan)板(ban)的(de)(de)疲勞(lao)損(sun)(sun)壞。